Cisplatin and its analogs are the mainstay of chemotherapy for most solid tumors. Individual approach for prescribing these drugs is needed to bust their effi cacy and limit toxicity. Pharmacogenetic analysis is a promising concept aiming at predicting response to chemotherapy and its adverse reactions. It is based on the dissection of individual varieties of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, stemming from polymorphism of the genes responsible for transport, metabolism and cytotoxicity of platinum drugs.
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TNM Classifi cation of Malignant Tumours, 7th Edition provides the new, internationally agreed-upon standards to describe and categorize cancer stages and progression. Published in affi liation with the International Union Against Cancer, it contains important new and updated organ-specifi c classifi cations that oncologists and other professionals who treat patients with cancer must use to adequately classify tumours for prognosis and treatment. Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium.
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The original article summarizes the ways of CIN and invasive cervical cancer exposure in patients addressed to the Blokhin’s Cancer Research Center out-patient unit in the last 5 years (735 and 3243 patients, respectively). As every case of cervical cancer should be considered as the result of undiagnosed CIN progression, the study revealed very low effectiveness of opportunistic screening and rare detection of the disease on CIN2-3/CIS and microinvasion stages. The rate of CIN 2-3/CIS and invasive cancer was 1:6.2 while under organized screening it is 20:1. The disease was rarely detected by routine examination (9,8 %). The usual pitfalls of opportunistic screening tools were false negative cytological smears and rare usage of HC2 HPV-test. The study results confi rm the strong need for organized CIN and cervical cancer screening in Russia.
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The work describes the current tendencies in radiotherapy of malignant neoplasms of female reproductive organs, performs a comparative analysis of the toxic reactions and early complications of conventional and modifi ed treatment of gynecological cancers, substantiates the necessity of developing the modern advanced technologies of their medicamentous and non -medicamentous prevention based on the frequency and spectrum of the predictable complications. The work presents the detailed description of the major constituents of the modern complex of measures aimed at minimizing and alleviating the side effects of radiotherapy of gynecological cancer, provides and documents evidence of the effectiveness of Ademetionine (Heptral®) in the prevention and therapy for hepatotoxicity during radiotherapy of tumors of female reproductive system.
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The method of predicting the risk of endometrial cancer in endometrial hyperplasia patients with metabolic syndrome is bases on a mathematical model constructed by the method of discriminant analysis. According to the computed values of the linear discriminant functions (Y1 and Y2) with the use of values of the most informative signs of the studied object (anamnestic, clinical, morphological, hormonal and biochemical parameters), the prognosis outcome (favorable/unfavorable) is interpreted. The obtained prognostic data on high risk of endometrial cancer allow one to individualize the treatment policy and follow-up for these patients, thus contributing to a decreased risk of endometrial cancer.
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The article presents the data on risk and causes of malignization of endometriomas. It is indicated that malignant transformation of an endometrial-like cell proceeds through stepwise acquisition of multiple genetic aberrations that disrupt genetic differentiation and is accompanied by transformation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. The factor, which has the potential infl uence on the risk of malignization of ovarian endometriomas, is their recurrence rate, which is mainly a consequence of incomplete removal of the capsule of the neoplasm. However, ovariectomy (oophorectomy) or complete cystectomy lead to the loss of ovarian reserve. Therefore it is important to use technologies providing the destruction of endometrioma capsules with the preservation of the ovarian follicular apparatus in women of reproductive age. One of such technologies is the system PlazmaJet in which argon is used as the source of plasma generation. This system differs from all the other high-energy techniques, fi rst and foremost, by minimal damaging effect that is ultimately important for the preservation or restoration of the women’s reproductive function.
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The article is dedicated to the prognostic factors for recurrence and occurence of metastases of breast cancer after lumpectomy. The application of the most informative methods for the score (points) reckoning will provide for the considerable increase of the effi ciency of early-stage breast cancer treatment.
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The clinical lecture performs the overview of the reported data on the screening of breast cancer. The positive and negative effects of the screening programs are discussed.
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Тhe article presents the diseases related to oncogynecology and the principles of examination and expertise of temporary disability performed in health facilities and also by general practitioners who are engaged in their own medical practice and the criteria of patients’ referrals to the medical and social expertise.
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Promoting of rational prophylaxis and treatment of purulent-infl ammatory processes is an actual problem for all spheres of surgery. The necessity of its improvement is a particularly acute issue in the treatment of oncological patients. On the one hand, this is due to the widespread of drug-resistant pathogens and, on the other hand, due to the reduction in the immune status in this contingent of patients. This publication presents the summary recommendations on the strategy and tactics in the use of antibacterial agents in surgical interventions in oncogynecology. It also shows the new and promising directions in this sphere.
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