Early detection of malignant tumors is a key to the effi cient cancer treatment. The achievements in recent years in the fi eld of cell biology and the development of molecular technologies facilitate the detection of the biomarkers which will enable to diagnose cancer in early asymptomatic stages. Introduction of tumor markers into clinical practice is effectual also for the non-invasive monitoring of disease progression both during the treatment and the period of remission. Moreover, biomarkers enable to select effi cient and even individualized methods of tumor therapy. Despite the prospects of biomarkers for early detection of tumors, the existing tumor markers are not suffi ciently sensitive nor are they specifi c enough to conduct population based screening of malignant diseases. Thereby the discovery of more specifi c biomarkers and/or the development of panels of tumor markers remain the essential objective of oncology. This review presents and discusses the general principles of discovery and development of biomarker panels, IVDMIA — tests (In Vitro Diagnostic Multivariate Index Assays), used in oncogynecology: MammaPrint, OncotypeDx, Tissue of Origin, OVAJ and ROMA, as well as some new biomarker combinations which have not yet passed clinical trials.
 Full text (in Russian)

The survey presents the literature overview on modern data regarding the role of MMP and TIMP in ovarian tumor, their connection to proliferative, invasive activity, neoagiogenesis, ability to metastasize and the prognosis of the disease, and also the possibilities of the targeted anti — MMP therapy.
 Full text (in Russian)

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare disease, characterized by progressing peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis regardless of primary tumor differentiation. The article includes the analysis of literature related to the questions of etiology, morphological classifi cation of pseudomyxoma, treatment options and their results; and presents the overview of the experience of the Department of Thoracic Surgery of N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
 Full text (in Russian)

Modern approaches to screening and early detection of cervical cancer are analysed. Improved methods of cytological screening, the search for precancerous diseases, their timely diagnosis and treatment will help to reduce morbidity and mortality in invasive forms of cervical cancer.
 Full text (in Russian)

The article provides information on the use of the offi ce hysteroscopy in the outpatient setting for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine pathology. It defi nes the algorithm for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology, technical peculiarities of its use and the diagnostic possibilities.
 Full text (in Russian)

This article is a review of uterine leiomyosarcomas treatment options. Based on the data from different trials we recommend the following steps of treatment. Surgery: panhysterectomy, must be done in localized disease, further adjuvant chemotherapy is possible, but the decision should be taken individually. Adjuvant radiation therapy is not recommended due to low infl uence on overall survival. Advanced uterine leiomyosarcomas should be treated by combined chemotherapy. As a fi rst line we recommend combined regimens including doxorubicin, dacarbazine, ifosfamide and gemcitabine, docetaxel. Trabectedin monotherapy as a 24-hour infusion showed good result in long-term stabilizations and can be used as a second or further lines of treatment. Hormone therapy is possible as supportive treatment if status of steroid hormone receptors in the tumor is positive. The decision on second look surgery in advanced disease should be discussed individually.
 Full text (in Russian)

Study of tumor-infi ltrating lymphocyte subpopulations was performed in 19 patients with breast cancer (core biopsy material). Two probes were used in multiparameter fl ow cytometry: CD4/CD25/CD3/CD45 and CD8/CD56/CD3/CD45. Mean percentage of different cell types within lymphocytes (CD45++ SSC^Low) was as follows: CD3 — 88,2%, CD4 — 45,1%, CD8 — 40,4%, NK (CD3-CD56+) — 1,6%, CD4+CD25+ — 4,1%. Ratio CD8/CD4 was less than 1 in 53% of cases. In cases of prominent and moderate CD45 infi ltration percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was signifi cantly higher than in cases with low infi ltration, p=0,007.
 Full text (in Russian)

With multiple primary malignant neoplasms of mammary gland (breast) and ovaries CA125 can have a high diagnostic potential in the detection of ovarian cancer in the patients both with synchronous and metachronous tumors with cut off more than 200 E/ml: the diagnostic specifi city of the method made up 98% and the sensitivity — 100%. The diagnostic sensitivity of CA 15.3 in regard to metachronous polyneoplasia made up only 33%.
 Full text (in Russian)

The possibility of the fertility preservation in women after the treatment of oncological diseases is becoming more realistic nowadays thanks to the advances in the fi eld of assisted reproduction. All known ways to restore fertility to a greater or lesser degree include the use of in vitro technologies with the most discussed issue in the world literature and considered to be the most promising of them being the method of maturation of primordial follicles ex vivo which is accomplished completely in vitro. Practical needs for the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the programs on the recovery of fertility of oncological patients require further fundamental research regarding the improvement of the applied in vitro methods.
 Full text (in Russian)

In this review we present up to date strategy and place of laparoscopy in patients with ovarian cancer. Indications, positive and negative aspects have been discussed.
 Full text (in Russian)