Tumor and its infl ammatory microenvironment causes the body’s response directed at the preservation of the tissue integration by triggering the processes of reparation and regeneration similar to wound healing. It is shown that tumor-associated infl ammatory response performs the tumor – promoting function through producing growth, anti-apoptotic, proangiogenic , remodeling matrix factors. The corresponding physiological conditions are needed and they occur in the process of normal pregnancy, when blastocyst implantation is accompanied by the development of infl ammation of the endometrium, with the immunological tolerance and angiogenesis conferred by the body. Tumors and trophoblast, which ensures interaction of the semi-allogeneic fetus with the maternal body, share the common properties: high proliferative activity, neoangiogenesis, epithelial – mesenchymal transition, ability to regulate the immune system in order to ensure trophic function and to prevent its damaging action. The common molecular mechanisms of the regulation of trophoblast function and tumor progression on the level of microenvironment have been identifi ed. The study of similarities and differences between the physiological state of pregnancy and the pathological state of malignant growth and the molecular mechanisms involved is promising for identifying new targets for anti-cancer therapy.
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Study of circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTC, DTC) gave us new knowledge in fundamental carcinogenesis. These basic data (tumor re-seeding, role of VCAM in bone metastasis) give some explanation for adverse prognostic role of CTC and DTC in breast and ovarian cancers. Investigation of bone marrow disseminated tumor cells is very useful in breast and ovarian cancers. It is recommended to aspirate not more than 0,5 ml of bone marrow to exclude peripheral blood admixture. There are no effi cient methods of disseminated and circulating tumor cell eradication yet.
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The article reviews the current treatment strategies for ovarian cancer, directed at the improvement of cytotoxic chemotherapy by changing route, dose, and timing of medication. It also summarizes methods of the therapies, including developing new molecules, targeted on the major tumorgenesis pathways: angiogenesis and tumor metabolism.
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The article reviews the assessment of the economic burden of treating ovarian cancer in the Russian Federation for the state. The costs were estimated in the model based on data from the state statistical observations, regional statistical data (of the territorial cancer registries and the personifi ed accounting systems of preferential drug coverage), published data and expert survey. The estimate of costs to the state (including the healthcare system) is made on the basis of all registered patients with ovarian cancer in the Russian Federation in 2009 (95 861 people), including new cases (12 034). The economic burden of the illness for the year made up more than 2 billion rubles, and average cost per patient – 21 thousand rubles. There has been a signifi cant difference detected in the structure of the costs for newly diagnosed and for the patients diagnosed more than one year ago.
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The article concerns the problem of an early diagnosis of cervical cancer. It overviews the status of this issue to date in different countries. The article presents the algorithm of examination of women to detect cervical pathology (cytological screening and HPV testing) in our country
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The article addresses the topical issues regarding advisability of performing pelvic evisceration in the treatment of postradiation cervical cancer recurrences in view of the contemporary theory. The authors have analyzed and presented the experience in performing this type of operations in the leading medical centers of the world, and the state of this problem in Russia is reported as well.
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The article reviews the issues concerning the study of a fairly rare pathology – breast cancer in men. Despite the seemingly similar diagnosis , breast cancer in men due to a number of biological features progresses differently , therefore individualized treatment tactics are required.
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The article contains a comparative evaluation of the two diagnostic procedures — immunocytochemical (ICC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies in defi nition of the hormone status, HER2/neu oncoprotein and Ki67 protein of proliferative activity in the patients with breast cancer. It emphasizes the necessity to conduct these studies in planning treatment for breast cancer.
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In the article results of research of specifi c subtype of bipolar disorder — a somatoreactive cyclothymia manifesting in association with cancer (26 patients with female reproductive system cancer) — are presented. The affective disorder represents itself as an acceptor of the clinical rhythm of oncology disease: the fi rst and recurrent affective episodes coincide with the key stages (diagnosis, remission, progression, methastases) of cancer.
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The article introduces the data regarding the etiology, classifi cations, differential diagnosis and treatment of anemia in women. It focuses on the state of iron defi ciency, iron defi ciency anemia, anemia of chronic disease and emphasizes these conditions in regard to cancer patients as well. The record data on the treatment with oral and intravenous iron preparations is performed.
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